In this paper, we have considered frequentist parameter estimation of two parameter exponentiated log-logistic distribution based on a complete sample. The parameters are estimated using a likelihood-based classical inferential procedure. This study has tried to compute MLEs along with their asymptotic confidence interval, contour plot and standard errors. The K-S test statistic, Quantile-Quantile (QQ) and Probability-Probability (PP) plots are used to check the validity of the model. All the computations are performed in R software. Areal data set is considered for illustration of the purposed inferential procedures.

Job satisfaction means the positive feeling or attitude that employees have towards their job, which acts as a motivation to work. It is a combination of emotion, belief, feeling, sentiment, and other allied behavioral tendencies. This study is focused on analyzing the job satisfaction of banking employees on the basis of the working environment, cooperation among employees, training and promotion and salaries. Employees of Nepalese commercial banks were selected using a convenience sampling method for the study. A total of 112 respondents were selected to sample the employees of banks located in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. The descriptive, as well as analytical research designs were used to analyze and draw a conclusion about the job satisfaction of bank employees. The self-structured questionnaire has been used. The major influencing factors for job satisfaction were salary, followed by training and promotion, working environment, and cooperation among them.

Job satisfaction means the positive feeling or attitude that employees have towards their job, which acts as a motivation to work. It is a combination of emotion, belief, feeling, sentiment, and other allied behavioral tendencies. This study is focused on analyzing the job satisfaction of banking employees on the basis of the working environment, cooperation among employees, training and promotion and salaries. Employees of Nepalese commercial banks were selected using a convenience sampling method for the study. A total of 112 respondents were selected to sample the employees of banks located in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. The descriptive, as well as analytical research designs were used to analyze and draw a conclusion about the job satisfaction of bank employees. The self-structured questionnaire has been used. The major influencing factors for job satisfaction were salary, followed by training and promotion, working environment, and cooperation among them.

In this paper, we have considered frequentist parameter estimation of twoparameter exponentiated log-logistic distribution based on a complete sample.The parameters are estimated using a likelihood-based classical inferential procedure. This study has tried to compute MLEs along with their asymptotic confidence interval, contour plot and standard errors. The K-S test statistic, Quantile-Quantile (QQ) and Probability-Probability (PP) plots are used to check the validity of the model. All the computations are performed in R software. A real data set is considered for illustration of the purposed inferential procedures.

The purpose of this paper is to do in depth analysis of the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. This paper is based on conceptual base reviewed from different books and research reports. The objective of the study is to identify the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. The paper concludes that there are two types of basic assumptions of organizational behavior. They are nature of people and nature of organizations. A basic assumption about nature of people incorporates individual differences, a whole person, and motivated behavior, value of the person, selective perception, and desire for involvement. A basic assumption about nature of organizations involves social system, mutuality of interest, and ethical treatment.

This study is intended to examine the influence of demographic factors on job satisfaction of university faculties. One hundred and six faculty members teaching areas of management in central department of Tribhuvan University and its constituent campuses were taken as the sample. The study used survey questionnaire (23 items) derived from long form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) (1967). The statistical tools like independent sample t-test and ANOVA were applied to find the result. The result revealed that among eight demographic variables, monthly income seemed more important variable which had significant influence on six variables (social recognition, working environment, compensation, promotion recognition and union) of job satisfaction. Furthermore, designation seemed second important demographic variable which had significant influence on five variables of job satisfaction of faculty members. Limitations of the study are identified and recommendation for the future researchers are discussed.

Employees’ commitment is an important issue in an organization which is the outcome of sense of trust. All relationships and interactions are formed and based in the sense of trust. It is equally important in workplace relationship. Trust tends to have a strong impact on the relationships between hospital managers and nursing employees. It increases commitment level of nurses. This study focuses on three components of trust in management: competency, integrity and benevolence. The aim of this study is to understand factors affecting employees’ trust in the management among nursing employees of hospitals in Nepal. Nurses are the crucial human resources in health care organization and their commitment play vital role for the overall objective of the hospitals. This study is an analytical and descriptive study based on nursing employees. Using multi-stage purposive sampling, four hundred sixty five nurses were chosen as a sample of the study. This research paper advances a theoretical model stating the factors affecting the employees’ trust in management resulted into three variables.

Job hopping refers to the tendency of a person to work briefly in an organization in particular position rather than staying in an organization for a longer time. This research study is conducted to examine the job hopping tendency in millennial in private sector of Nepal. It also studies the factors which attracts millennial in new organization. The factors which force a person to leave an organization arête seek new opportunities. Generally the considered variables for leaving the job; low pay structure, low potential for growth, and unfair treatment by management and conflict with the immediate supervisor/ Coworkers. The factors considered for choosing the new job; chances of career growth, higher salary, job security, freedom at workplace, reputation of organization and higher position. Materials and methods: Study populations are the millennial working in private organizations of Kathmandu valley. For this study the convenience sampling method was chosen where the data was collected through the questionnaire. Data were collected using likert scale questionnaire, yes/no questions, multiple choice single response and multiple choice multiple response questions. Percentage and correlation matrix was used to analyse the data.Results: The outcome of the research indicates that main reason behind millennial leaving the organization is no growth opportunity and attraction towards new job is career growth. The employees chose the current organization either they are getting higher position or sensize future growth.

The concept of green products is not very old in Nepal. This research paper is an endeavor to examine consumer level of awareness and perception towards green products in Nepal. The data has been collected from a total of 192 respondents in Kathmandu through well-structured questionnaire. An increasing number of consumers have adequate knowledge about green products features, majority of them view green products as healthy and safe. Consumers prefer to believe that green products are offering high quality over conventional products, but they are not having any precise opinion about the excessive prices of green products. The research results also find out consumers’ disappointment towards the promotional measures taken by the marketer. This research will be a good cognizance for the marketers and will increase their seriousness to focus more on making consumer more aware about green products benefits and bring about the adoption of green products.

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the structure of the PIT in Nepal. Methodology/design/approach –This study adopts descriptive and quantitative research approach, sourcing the data and information from both primary and secondary, which include books, reports (economic survey, report/statement of Central Bureau of Statistics, etc.), journals, bulletins, newspapers, websites, etc. For the objective result, we use statistical tools to confirm the value of the PIT structure. Findings and conclusion – The PIT is a major ingredient of income tax, which contains a complex and critical structure in income components, exemption limit, tax base, units, and tax rates. The study found increment in the exemption limit based on equity, equality and with the rate of inflation. However, the method of determination of exemption limit was unscientific. The tax slabs and rates observed three categories progressive, digressive and mild progressive under the three governments regimes inconsistent with national tax policy. Different era of government imposed the tax burden on different slabs and observed decline in tax progressivity in the later year. In the studied period, the PIT payers sacrificed27.81% amount as tax and saved only 72.19% of their total taxable net earnings. It showed a high rate of tax. The tax burden on PIT reached as high as 45.49%in 1989-90 and as low as 24.13% in 1998-99. The gap between maximum and minimum ranged 22.89%, with a great disparity in the tax policy and an average tax, the burden remained 32.56% during the studied period. A high rate of tax encourages the evasion; taxpayers alter their decisions on the financial activities, which reduce the benefit of both the public authorities and taxpayers or citizens. Good tax policy should strive to provide benefit to both the concerned parties. Originality/value – This is descriptive research to find out the structure of Piton Nepal, which is derived and written by the author using the primary as well as secondary sources of data and information. Thus, this is original writing in the context of Nepal and in PIT literature.

Nowadays, advertisement is considered as one of the most message medium to influence buying habit of the consumer. This study aims to answer the questions that whether the demographic background of ultimate consumeri.e. Age, gender, education and occupation has a varying effect on the media preference due to advertisements. The sample of 115 questionnaires we redistributed and out of these 110 responses recorded and compared. The result indicated that respondents like preferred TV advertisements have been found more popular as compared to Radio, Print and other media.

The objective of this article is to study and analyze the growth, composition, and direction of the Nepalese foreign trade. This is descriptive a study that uses secondary sources of information. The analysis is based on simple statistical tools like ratio and percent. This study finds the very low export performance of Nepal. This is creating the problem of rapidly increasing trade deficit. Nepal is also unable to diversify its trade in terms of countries and commodities. The major causes of increasing trade deficit are low export, and high import, low-quality products, improper trade policy, higher cost of production, lack of publicity and advertisement, low production, slow industrial development, lack of trade diversification, etc. Nepal can reduce its trade deficit by diversification of its trade in terms of commodities and countries.

The research paper aims to examine the attitudinal factors influencing herding behavior in order to manage the fluctuations, bubbles, and bursts in the Nepal capital market. The descriptive and analytical research design has been adopted in the study. The qualitative data has been collected through the structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed to five hundred investors of the securities market in Nepal. The usable questionnaires have been confined to 407responses. The statistical tools mean, percentages, correlation and regression analysis has been done to process the data towards findings. As the result, the decision accuracy, age and experiences have not been found significant. The result from the analysis revealed the significant relationship of hasty decision with herd behavior.

The present article on Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour (1894) explores women’s anxieties and struggles for self identity within the arena of strict social and traditional structures deeply rooted in the then American society in the late nineteenth century. Through this short story, Chopin portraits her feminist view and uses her own inspiration for surviving normal life in the mind of the American women for whom existing freely realizing their identity and potentiality had been far cry. Thus, drawing upon the idea of Simone de Beauvoir and other writers, this paper examines the desire and struggle of the female protagonist, Mrs. Mallard for her meaningful existence in the male-dominated society in America.

The research paper aims to analyze the status of remittance and its contribution to GDP of Nepal. The study has adopted the descriptive and analytical research design. The study is quantitative in nature. Most of the developing countries like Nepal depend on remittance as the major source of foreign currency earning. Remittance plays an important role in economic development of a country. Nepal has also long history of international labor migration about 200 years ago Nepali migrant laborers are contributing substantial amount as remittance inflows through legal channel which has positive impact on GDP, per-capita income, Capital formation, education etc. The volume of remittance is much more than the records because, migrants are using illegal ways due to ignorance and difficulty in receiving amount from legal ways.

This paper explores the influencing factors of stock price in Nepal (with reference to Nepalese commercial banks) listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange Ltd. over the period of 2008 to 2018AD. The information were collected from questionnaire and financial statement of concerned organizations and analyzed using simple linear regression model. The conclusions of the work revealed that earning per share (EPS), dividend per share (DPS), effective rules and regulations, market whims and rumors, company profiles and success depend upon luck have the significant positive association with share price while interest rate (IR) and price to earnings ratio (PER), showed the significant inverse association with share price. Further, accessibility of liquidity, fundamental and technical analysis stimulates the performance of the Nepalese stock market. More importantly, stock market has been found to respond significantly to changes in dividend and interest rate.

Background - Complaint is a result of dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice/unfair treatment, related to his/her employment situation, which is formally filed and in written form. Objective – The objective of this paper is to examine the level of complaints that take place in the financial institutions of Nepal. Similarly, this study examines the causes and solutions of complaints in selected financial institutions. Methodology Used – Descriptive and analytical research designs have been used for the study. Primary data have been collected through the questionnaires using judgmental sampling from the financial institutions of Nepal. Questionnaires have been developed in five scales and mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation have been used as tools. Findings – All the financial institutions have faced complaints from their employees and they try to resolve that complaints to their best.

This research paper presents the Knowledge Management practice in Nepalese telecom sector. This study is based on cross section analysis of 85 observations for analyzing relationship between the knowledge management (KM) practices status in Nepalese telecom sector. The methodology used by Kohli (1993) and Daroch (2003) has been used for the research. Survey instruments we reorganized into one part and five factors. Spearman Rank Correlation, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Cranach’s alpha etc. is used for data analysis. The valid response rate of 70 % was found. Among the factors that designed for knowledge acquisition, information input- employee has less mean score and information input-financial has high mean score than the others factors. In case of Information input-competitors, Nepalese telecom industry analyzes the financial contribution of their products or services. Employees of Nepal telecom has rated higher mean value in the KM practices i.e. knowledge acquisition, which means Nepal telecom appeared good in KM practices than Ncell. There is a significant difference between Nepal telecom and Ncell in term of the knowledge acquisition. Nepal telecom has better KA (Knowledge Acquisition) practices. Correlation matrix was computed to assess the extent or degree of relationship in between the factors or the research variables.

This paper aims to report the results of an investigation of the relative importance of working capital management, measured by the Return on Assets (ROA), and its components (Current ratio, average collection period and average payment period) to the profitability of Pukar International Trading. This paper analyzes the effect of working capital Management on firm’s profitability in Nepal for the period 2071 to 2072. For this Purpose, financial data of four year is used. Pearson’s correlation and Descriptive analysis were used to establish the relationship between working capital management and firm’s profitability and components of working capital like Average collection period, Average payment period and Current ratio. The study finds a negative relationship between profitability and average collection period and average payment period, but appositive relationship between profitability and current ratio. Moreover, current ratio and firm size also have significant effects on the firm’s profitability. Based on the key findings from this study it had been concluded that the management of a firm could create value for their shareholders by reducing the number of day’s accounts collection. Firms could also take long to pay their creditors in as far as they did not worry their relationships with these creditors.

This study mainly aimed at examining the determinants of capital structure in Nepalese trading and manufacturing firms. The study has covered eleven major on-financial enterprises of trading and manufacturing firm’s specific variables. Firm’s size, growth opportunity, asset tangibility, profitability, firm’s age, liquidity and interest coverage ratio have selected as variables to examine their effect on corporate capital structure. The study used both descriptive and causal comparative research design to examine the determinants of capital structure. Data required for undertaking the study were collected from secondary sources. For each enterprise, financial data for 10 fiscal years covering the period of F/Y 2005/2006 to F/Y 2015/2016.The study concluded that asset tangibility, profitability, liquidity and interest coverage ratio are the major determinants of corporate capital structure in Nepalese trading and manufacturing firms.

society is the mixture of mass and elite group. Elite group of society remains in apex and forcefully take the space in decision making process, direct and instruct the mass as well as administrators and drag the power in their own hands. Elites manipulate mass opinion and sentiments. They rule masses of people. Elite theories introduce not only elites, but also new important subjects like power, and raise questions for example on oligarchic tendencies in democracy.

This research paper aims to examine employee perceptions of job involvements an outcome of organizational justice in Nepalese context. It is based upon the perceptions of 765 employees of 18 commercial banks and 6 insurance companies of Nepal. This study uses a six Point Likert-type scale for measurement of the perception of job involvement and organizational justice. Based on empirical results, this study shows that organizational justice is positively associated with job involvement. All three justice dimensions such as distributive, procedural and interactional justices play key roles in making employees more involved in their job in Nepalese organizations. If employees perceive any kind of justice in the organization in terms of rewards, outcomes, rules, communication, and interactions, they will fully involve in their jobs and organizational activities.